{"id":55960,"date":"2024-04-30T15:33:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T15:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/packetstormsecurity.com\/news\/view\/35830\/Apples-Incredibly-Private-Safari-Is-Not-So-Private-In-Europe.html"},"modified":"2024-04-30T15:33:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T15:33:51","slug":"apples-incredibly-private-safari-is-not-so-private-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/apples-incredibly-private-safari-is-not-so-private-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Apple&#8217;s Incredibly Private Safari Is Not So Private In Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Apple&#8217;s grudging accommodation of European antitrust rules by allowing third-party app stores on iPhones has left users of its Safari browser exposed to potential web activity tracking.<\/p>\n<p>Developers Talal Haj Bakry and Tommy Mysk looked into the way Apple implemented the installation process for third-party software marketplaces on iOS with Safari, and concluded Cupertino&#8217;s approach is particularly shoddy.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Our testing shows that Apple delivered this feature with catastrophic security and privacy flaws,&#8221; wrote Bakry and Mysk in an <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysk.blog\/2024\/04\/28\/safari-tracking\/\">advisory<\/a> published over the weekend.<\/p>\n<p>Apple \u2013 which advertises Safari as &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/safari\/\">incredibly private<\/a>&#8221; \u2013 evidently has undermined privacy among European Union Safari users through a <code><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/marketplacekit\/marketplacekiturischeme\">marketplace-kit:<\/a><\/code> URI scheme that potentially allows approved third-party app stores to follow those users around the web.<\/p>\n<p>A URI scheme is a way of determining how a particular network request gets handled. A website offering an alternative software marketplace can include a button that, when tapped in Safari, launches a <code>marketplace-kit:<\/code> request that is handled by a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/marketplacekit\">MarketplaceKit<\/a> process on the EU user&#8217;s iPhone. This process, built into iOS 17.4 by Apple, then reaches out to the back-end servers of the approved marketplace to complete the installation of that store&#8217;s app on the phone.<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"top\" data-raptor=\"condor\" data-xsm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-sm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-md=\",fluid,mpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=2&amp;c=2ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=2&amp;c=2ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<p>The trouble is, any site can trigger a <code>marketplace-kit:<\/code> request. On EU iOS 17.4 devices, that will cause a unique per-user identifier to be fired off by Safari to an approved marketplace&#8217;s servers, leaking the fact that the user was just visiting that site. This happens even if Safari is in private browsing mode. The marketplace&#8217;s servers can reject the request, which can also include a custom payload, passing more info about the user to the alternative store. This is all illustrated in the video below.<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"top\" data-raptor=\"falcon\" data-xmd=\",fluid,mpu,leaderboard,\" data-lg=\",fluid,mpu,leaderboard,\" data-xlg=\",fluid,billboard,superleaderboard,mpu,leaderboard,\" data-xxlg=\",fluid,billboard,superleaderboard,brandwidth,brandimpact,leaderboard,mpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D426raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<div class=\"adun_eagle_desktop_story_wrapper\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"mid\" data-raptor=\"eagle\" data-xxlg=\",mpu,dmpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aISz4ITI710\" data-media=\"x-videoplayer\">Youtube Video<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>In addition to Apple&#8217;s Safari, two other iOS browsers currently support third-party app stores in Europe: Brave and Ecosia.<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"top\" data-raptor=\"falcon\" data-xsm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-sm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-md=\",fluid,mpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D426raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<p>Apple doesn&#8217;t allow third-party app stores in most parts of the world, citing purported privacy and security concerns \u2013 and presumably interest in sustaining its ability to collect commissions for software sales.<\/p>\n<p>But Apple has been designated as a &#8220;gatekeeper&#8221; under Europe&#8217;s Digital Markets Act (DMA) for iOS, the App Store, Safari, and just recently <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2024\/04\/29\/apple_ipados_dma_gatekeeper\/\" rel=\"noopener\">iPadOS<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>That designation means the iBiz has been ordered to open its gated community so that European customers can choose third-party app stores and web-based app distribution \u2013 also known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2024\/03\/12\/apple_update_eu_devs_can_distribute_from_websites\/\" rel=\"noopener\">side-loading<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"crosshead\">But wait, there&#8217;s more<\/h3>\n<p>According to Bakry and Mysk, Apple&#8217;s URI scheme has three significant failings. First, they say, it fails to check the origin of the website, meaning the aforementioned cross-site tracking is possible.<\/p>\n<p>Second, Apple&#8217;s MarketplaceKit \u2013 its API for third-party stores \u2013 doesn&#8217;t validate the JSON Web Tokens (JWT) passed as input parameters via incoming requests. &#8220;Worse, it blindly relayed the invalid JWT token when calling the <code>\/oauth\/token<\/code> endpoint,&#8221; observed Bakry and Mysk. &#8220;This opens the door to various injection attacks to target either the MarketplaceKit process or the marketplace back-end.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" id=\"story_eagle_xsm_sm_md_xmd_lg_xlg\" data-pos=\"mid\" data-raptor=\"eagle\" data-xsm=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-sm=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-md=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-xmd=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-lg=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-xlg=\",mpu,dmpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZjJZlKZIsfL4wIrXnMtbnQAAANY&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<p>And third, Apple isn&#8217;t using <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/security\/fundamentals\/certificate-pinning\">certificate pinning<\/a>, which leaves the door open for meddling by an intermediary (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/glossary\/term\/man_in_the_middle_attack\">MITM<\/a>) during the MarketplaceKit communication exchange. Bakry and Mysk claim they were able to overwrite the servers involved in this process with their own endpoints.<\/p>\n<p>The limiting factor of this attack is that a marketplace must first be approved by Apple before it can undertake this sort of tracking. At present, not many marketplaces have won approval. We&#8217;re aware of the B2B <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/app-marketplace.eu\/\">Mobivention App marketplace<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/altstore.io\/\">AltStore<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/setapp.com\/\">Setapp<\/a>. Epic Games has also <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epicgames.com\/site\/en-US\/epicgamessweden\">planned an iOS store<\/a>. A few other marketplaces will work after an iThing jailbreak, but they\u2019re unlikely to attract many consumers.<\/p>\n<p>The two security researchers argue that scam apps regularly find their way through Apple&#8217;s review process, meaning rogue app stores could be allowed through. And they claim the privacy problems arise from Apple wanting to track third-party store usage.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The flaw of exposing users in the EU to tracking is the result of Apple insisting on inserting itself between marketplaces and their users,&#8221; asserted Bakry and Mysk. &#8220;This is why Apple needs to pass an identifier to the marketplaces so they can identify installs and perhaps better calculate the due <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/support\/core-technology-fee\/\">Core Technology Fee (CTF)<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>They urge iOS users in Europe to use Brave rather than Safari because Brave&#8217;s implementation <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/brave\/brave-core\/blob\/e5491ddf02847173f1d1d2ab6622a7944b862c79\/ios\/brave-ios\/Sources\/Brave\/Frontend\/Browser\/BrowserViewController\/BVC%2BWKNavigationDelegate.swift#L211\">checks<\/a> the origin of the website against the URL to prevent cross-site tracking.<\/p>\n<p>Back when Apple planned not to support Home Screen web apps in Europe \u2013 a gambit later abandoned after developer complaints and regulatory pressure \u2013 the iGiant justified its position by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2024\/02\/16\/apple_web_apps\/\" rel=\"noopener\">arguing<\/a> the amount of work required &#8220;was not practical to undertake given the other demands of the DMA.&#8221; By not making the extra effort to implement third-party app stores securely, Apple has arguably turned its security and privacy concerns into a self-fulfilling prophecy.<\/p>\n<p>In its <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/security\/complying-with-the-dma.pdf\">remarks<\/a> [PDF] on complying with the DMA, Apple declared, &#8220;In the EU, every user&#8217;s security, privacy, and safety will depend in part on two questions. First, are alternative marketplaces and payment processors capable of protecting users? And, second, are they interested in doing so?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There&#8217;s also the question of whether Apple is capable of protecting users \u2013 and whether it&#8217;s interested in doing so.<\/p>\n<p>Apple did not respond to a request for comment. \u00ae<\/p>\n<p> READ MORE <a href=\"https:\/\/packetstormsecurity.com\/news\/view\/35830\/Apples-Incredibly-Private-Safari-Is-Not-So-Private-In-Europe.html\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>READ MORE HERE&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[7041],"class_list":["post-55960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-packet-storm","tag-headlineprivacyflawapple"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - 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