{"id":54771,"date":"2023-12-06T00:15:15","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T00:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/fancy-bear-goes-phishing-in-us-european-high-value-networks\/"},"modified":"2023-12-06T00:15:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T00:15:15","slug":"fancy-bear-goes-phishing-in-us-european-high-value-networks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/fancy-bear-goes-phishing-in-us-european-high-value-networks\/","title":{"rendered":"Fancy Bear goes phishing in US, European high-value networks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fancy Bear, the Kremlin&#8217;s cyber-spy crew, has been exploiting two previously patched bugs for large-scale phishing campaigns against high-value targets \u2013&nbsp;like government, defense, and aerospace agencies in the US and Europe \u2013 since March, according to Microsoft.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The US and UK governments have linked this state-sponsored gang to Russia&#8217;s military intelligence agency, the GRU. Its latest phishing expeditions look to exploit <a href=\"https:\/\/msrc.microsoft.com\/update-guide\/vulnerability\/CVE-2023-23397\" rel=\"nofollow\">CVE-2023-23397<\/a>, a Microsoft Outlook <a href=\"https:\/\/msrc.microsoft.com\/blog\/2023\/03\/microsoft-mitigates-outlook-elevation-of-privilege-vulnerability\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">elevation of privilege<\/a> flaw, and&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2023-38831\" rel=\"nofollow\">CVE-2023-38831<\/a>, a WinRAR remote code execution flaw that allows arbitrary code execution.<\/p>\n<p>Microsoft initially patched the Outlook bug in March. It warned at the time that the flaw had <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2023\/03\/14\/microsoft_patch_tuesday\/\" rel=\"noopener\">already been exploited<\/a> in the wild by miscreants in Russia against government, energy, and military sectors in Europe \u2013 with a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cert.europa.eu\/publications\/security-advisories\/2023-018\/\">specific focus on Ukraine<\/a>, according to the EU&#8217;s CERT org. Two months later, Redmond issued an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2023\/05\/12\/microsoft_patches_second_flaw\/\" rel=\"noopener\">additional fix<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"top\" data-raptor=\"condor\" data-xsm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-sm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-md=\",fluid,mpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=2&amp;c=2ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=2&amp;c=2ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<p>On Monday, Microsoft <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/security\/blog\/2023\/03\/24\/guidance-for-investigating-attacks-using-cve-2023-23397\/\">updated<\/a> its March guidance for organizations investigating attacks exploiting this Exchange hole, and reported that Fancy Bear has been &#8220;actively exploiting CVE-2023-23397 to provide secret, unauthorized access to email accounts within Exchange servers.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"top\" data-raptor=\"falcon\" data-xmd=\",fluid,mpu,leaderboard,\" data-lg=\",fluid,mpu,leaderboard,\" data-xlg=\",fluid,billboard,superleaderboard,mpu,leaderboard,\" data-xxlg=\",fluid,billboard,superleaderboard,brandwidth,brandimpact,leaderboard,mpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D426raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<div class=\"adun_eagle_desktop_story_wrapper\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"mid\" data-raptor=\"eagle\" data-xxlg=\",mpu,dmpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Microsoft tracks Fancy Bear as Forest Blizzard, and it used to call the GRU-backed group Strontium. Other threat hunters call it APT28 and TA422.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the compromised Outlook accounts belong to Polish public and private orgs, according to the Polish Cyber Command (DKWOC), which partnered with Microsoft to investigate the attacks.<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" data-pos=\"top\" data-raptor=\"falcon\" data-xsm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-sm=\",fluid,mpu,\" data-md=\",fluid,mpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=4&amp;c=44ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D426raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<p>&#8220;In cases identified by Cyber Command, folders permissions were modified, among others, in mailboxes that were high-value information targets for the adversary,&#8221; the Polish agency stated in its <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wojsko-polskie.pl\/woc\/articles\/aktualnosci-w\/detecting-malicious-activity-against-microsoft-exchange-servers\/\">advisory<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;As a result of this change, the adversary was able to gain unauthorized access to the resources of high-value informational mailboxes through any compromised email account in the Exchange organization, using the Exchange Web Services (EWS) protocol,&#8221; the alert continued.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It should be emphasized that the introduction of such modifications allows for the maintenance of unauthorized access to the contents of the mailbox even after losing direct access to it.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"adun\" id=\"story_eagle_xsm_sm_md_xmd_lg_xlg\" data-pos=\"mid\" data-raptor=\"eagle\" data-xsm=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-sm=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-md=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-xmd=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-lg=\",mpu,dmpu,\" data-xlg=\",mpu,dmpu,\"> <noscript> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/jump?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubads.g.doubleclick.net\/gampad\/ad?co=1&amp;iu=\/6978\/reg_security\/front&amp;sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&amp;tile=3&amp;c=33ZW-T4Q9ULuD4Zxwlf-lzzAAAAQM&amp;t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0\" alt> <\/a> <\/noscript> <\/div>\n<p>In separate <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.proofpoint.com\/us\/blog\/threat-insight\/ta422s-dedicated-exploitation-loop-same-week-after-week\">analysis<\/a> published on Tuesday, security biz Proofpoint advised it spotted a &#8220;significant deviation from expected volumes of emails sent in campaigns exploiting&#8221; the Outlook vulnerability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, more than 10,000 emails that Proofpoint has attributed to Fancy Bear were sent during the late summer. All came from a single email provider, to defense, aerospace, technology, government, and manufacturing firms across North America and Europe.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Their actions indicate that they seek to discover easily exploitable networks that have strategic interest to the adversary,&#8221; Greg Lesnewich, senior threat researcher at Proofpoint, told <em>The Register<\/em>. &#8220;However, it&#8217;s unclear if the quantity of emails \u2013 more than 10,000 total since August 2023 \u2013 has been a tactical decision or an operator error.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The security shop also noted occasional, smaller-volume phishing campaigns targeting higher education, construction, and consulting businesses.<\/p>\n<p>CVE-2023-23397 can be exploited by a remote, unauthenticated attacker to access a victim&#8217;s Net-NTLMv2 hash by sending a tailored email to a compromised system, then use the hash to authenticate the attacker, thus gaining access to email communications.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;For all the late summer 2023 campaigns, TA422 sent malicious emails from various Portugalmail addresses with the subject line &#8216;Test Meeting&#8217; and identical message body of &#8216;Test meeting, please ignore this message,'&#8221; the intel team explained.<\/p>\n<p>These phishing emails contained an appointment attachment, using a TNEF file disguised as a CSV, Excel file, or Word document. The malicious extension contained a UNC path that directed traffic to an SMB listener hosted on a likely compromised Ubiquiti router, according to Proofpoint.<\/p>\n<p>In the past, Fancy Bear has used <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sekoia.io\/apt28-leverages-multiple-phishing-techniques-to-target-ukrainian-civil-society\/\">compromised routers<\/a> to host its command-and-control nodes, or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/go.recordedfuture.com\/hubfs\/reports\/cta-2023-0620.pdf\">NTLM listeners<\/a> [PDF]. &#8220;The compromised routers act as listeners for the NTLM authentication where they can record inbound credential hashes without extensive engagement with the target network,&#8221; the researchers explained.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"crosshead\">Don&#8217;t forget WinRAR<\/h3>\n<p>Plus, using a different set of Portugalmail email addresses the Russian spies also sent phishes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2023\/10\/18\/china_russia_winrar\/\" rel=\"noopener\">exploiting a WinRAR vulnerability<\/a>, CVE-2023-32231, according to Proofpoint. This vulnerability, which allows miscreants to execute malware hidden inside legitimate files, was fixed in August \u2013 but, it appears, not patched by enough people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For this campaign, the Russians spoofed geopolitical organizations and used the BRICS Summit and a European Parliament meeting as subject lures.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This campaign is not the same one that other <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cluster25.duskrise.com\/2023\/10\/12\/cve-2023-38831-russian-attack\">security orgs<\/a> including <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/threat-analysis-group\/government-backed-actors-exploiting-winrar-vulnerability\/\">Google TAG<\/a> have previously highlighted as abusing WinRAR, we&#8217;re told.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Proofpoint explained that the September phishing campaign uses RAR file attachments that exploit CVE-2023-32231 to drop a .cmd file and establish communications with a Responder listener server. &#8220;The .cmd file attempted to modify proxy settings in registry, download a lure document, and beacon to an IP-literal Responder server,&#8221; according to the report.<\/p>\n<p>Unsuprisingly, the security shop expects the criminals to continue exploiting both bugs in unpatched systems.<\/p>\n<p>Lesnewich told us &#8220;The payloads, tactics, and techniques used in these campaigns reflect TA422&#8217;s ultimate shift away from compiled malware for persistent access on targeted networks to lighter-weight, credential-oriented access.&#8221; \u00ae<\/p>\n<p> READ MORE <a href=\"https:\/\/go.theregister.com\/feed\/www.theregister.com\/2023\/12\/06\/fancy_bear_phishing_microsoft\/\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GRU-linked crew going after our code warns Microsoft &#8211; Outlook not good Fancy Bear, the Kremlin&#8217;s cyber-spy crew, has been exploiting two previously patched bugs for large-scale phishing campaigns against high-value targets \u2013\u00a0like government, defense, and aerospace agencies in the US and Europe \u2013 since March, according to Microsoft.\u00a0\u2026  READ MORE HERE&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-the-register"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fancy Bear goes phishing in US, European high-value networks 2026 | ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News | ThreatsHub.org | Cloud Security &amp; Cyber Threats Analysis Hub. 100% Free OSINT Threat Intelligent and Cybersecurity News.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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