{"id":48293,"date":"2022-08-29T16:01:26","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T16:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/packetstormsecurity.com\/news\/view\/33778\/Governments-Embrace-Internet-Shutdowns-As-A-Form-Of-Control.html"},"modified":"2022-08-29T16:01:26","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T16:01:26","slug":"governments-embrace-internet-shutdowns-as-a-form-of-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/governments-embrace-internet-shutdowns-as-a-form-of-control\/","title":{"rendered":"Governments Embrace Internet Shutdowns As A Form Of Control"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\"><span class=\"dcr-114to15\"><span class=\"dcr-1jnp7wy\">O<\/span><\/span><span class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">n 1 February 2021, reporter Ko Zin Lin Htet received a panicked phone call from a source in Yangon, Myanmar\u2019s most populous city. The caller said the military had seized power and was arresting opposition politicians, then hung up. Ko Zin Lin Htet remembered what he did next: \u201cI checked my phone and my internet connection. There was nothing there.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">He got on his motorbike and drove to the parliament, where he saw military personnel, not police, guarding the buildings. At that moment, Ko Zin Lin Htet realised there had been a coup \u2013 and that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/feb\/17\/myanmars-internet-shutdown-whats-going-on-and-it-crush-dissent\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">by cutting internet access<\/a>, the new junta had thrown the country back into the pre-internet era.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">For months the military had been questioning the results of the November 2020 election, won in a landslide by Aung San Suu Kyi\u2019s National League for Democracy. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/feb\/01\/aung-san-suu-kyi-and-other-figures-detained-in-myanmar-raids-says-ruling-party\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">The coup took place <\/a>on the day the new parliament was due to be sworn in. <\/p>\n<figure id=\"912821ec-5f4e-4ac4-a349-90adfecc7ed2\" data-spacefinder-role=\"richLink\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement\" class=\" dcr-1mfia18\"><gu-island name=\"RichLinkComponent\" deferuntil=\"idle\" props=\"{&quot;richLinkIndex&quot;:3,&quot;element&quot;:{&quot;_type&quot;:&quot;model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/jan\/05\/the-personal-and-economic-cost-of-kashmirs-internet-ban&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;\u2018Many lives have been lost\u2019: five-month internet blackout plunges Kashmir into crisis&quot;,&quot;prefix&quot;:&quot;Related: &quot;,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;richLink&quot;,&quot;elementId&quot;:&quot;912821ec-5f4e-4ac4-a349-90adfecc7ed2&quot;},&quot;ajaxUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk&quot;,&quot;format&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:2,&quot;theme&quot;:0,&quot;design&quot;:9}}\"><\/gu-island><\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">In the early hours of the morning, the junta had sent soldiers to the country\u2019s internet providers to force engineers to shut down connections to the outside world. It was the first stage of a digital coup designed to exert control over communications by slowing and strategically shutting off the internet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">Nathan Maung was another Burmese journalist who recalls the confusion and disbelief on the day of the military takeover. \u201cThe internet was out.\u201d He looked for his most recent texts \u2013 \u201cThe last messages from my friends said, \u2018Shit happened\u2019. I have no clue what shit happened.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">The whole country had been plunged into an information black hole.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"dcr-d66r6p\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cloak-of-darkness\">\u2018Cloak of darkness\u2019<\/h2>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/ukraine\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Ukraine<\/a> to Myanmar, government-run internet outages are picking up pace around the world. In 2021, there were 182 shutdowns in 34 countries, according to Access Now, a non-government organisation that tracks connectivity around the world. Countries across Africa and Asia have turned to shutdowns in a bid to control behaviour, while India, largely in the conflict-ridden region of Jammu and Kashmir, plunged into digital darkness more times than any other last year. <\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">The increasing use of the kill switch underlines a deepening global trend towards digital authoritarianism, as governments use access to the internet as a weapon against their own people. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/internet\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Internet<\/a> shutdowns have also become a modern canary in the coalmine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cThe internet going off is well known in many countries to be a sign or a signal that something bad is about to happen,\u201d says Simon Angus, an economist from Monash University whose Monash Internet Observatory tracks global internet connectivity in real time. \u201cThat seems to be aligned closely with human rights abuses because it really is a cloak of darkness.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">The shutdowns disconnect emergency workers and hospitals and paralyse financial systems, yet governments are using them with ever more frequency. Figures from Access Now show outages increased globally 15% in 2021, compared with the year before. Such outages cause immense economic damage \u2013 an estimated $5.5bn last year \u2013 but go largely unnoticed by the outside world, because information flows in and out of the affected countries have been severed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">The UN Human Rights chief, Michelle Bachelet, in June condemned internet shutdowns: \u201cSwitching off the internet causes incalculable damage, both in material and human rights terms.\u201d <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"dcr-d66r6p\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"theres-no-freedom\">\u2018There\u2019s no freedom\u2019<\/h2>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">In Ukraine, that cloak of darkness fell one hour before <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/feb\/24\/russia-has-invaded-ukraine-what-we-know-so-far\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Russia\u2019s invasion in February<\/a>, when a massive state-sponsored cyber-attack on a key satellite internet network knocked tens of thousands of Ukrainian modems offline, while Sudan severed the internet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/oct\/25\/sudan-coup-fears-amid-claims-military-have-arrested-senior-government-officials\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">after its military coup<\/a>. Civil unrest in Ethiopia and Kazakhstan has triggered internet shutdowns as governments try to prevent political mobilisation and stop news about military suppression from emerging.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"120a6ce2-5840-46fb-bf29-917aa8c8e51c\" data-spacefinder-role=\"richLink\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement\" class=\" dcr-1mfia18\"><gu-island name=\"RichLinkComponent\" deferuntil=\"idle\" props=\"{&quot;richLinkIndex&quot;:15,&quot;element&quot;:{&quot;_type&quot;:&quot;model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2022\/jul\/29\/anguish-of-tigrayan-families-cut-off-by-telecom-shutdown-ethiopia&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;\u2018Don\u2019t know if they are alive\u2019: anguish of Tigrayan families cut off by telecom shutdown&quot;,&quot;prefix&quot;:&quot;Related: &quot;,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;richLink&quot;,&quot;elementId&quot;:&quot;120a6ce2-5840-46fb-bf29-917aa8c8e51c&quot;},&quot;ajaxUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk&quot;,&quot;format&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:2,&quot;theme&quot;:0,&quot;design&quot;:9}}\"><\/gu-island><\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">Yet experts say Myanmar has enforced the sharpest restrictions on internet freedom on record. <\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cEvery different style of outage was reflected in the first few weeks [of the coup],\u201d says Doug Madory of Kentik internet monitoring platform.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">After sporadic daylong shutdowns in mid-February, the junta began shutting off the internet every night, an act that continued with metronomic regularity for three months. Under the cover of digital darkness, they carried out nightly raids, smashing down doors to drag out high-profile politicians, activists and celebrities. The raids had a profound psychological toll.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"fe0020a5-051e-4a0d-a36f-02edc2378ea4\" data-spacefinder-role=\"inline\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement\" class=\" dcr-10khgmf\">\n<div class=\"dcr-1b267dg\"><picture class=\"dcr-4zleql\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def58012bc56dbc4cac78d8ff8ee762c7e6686d6\/0_232_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=45&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=32092ddd3212066da9955f2729c7811b\" media=\"(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def58012bc56dbc4cac78d8ff8ee762c7e6686d6\/0_232_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=bba10c636f47134d872220628bde6e33\" media=\"(min-width: 660px)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def58012bc56dbc4cac78d8ff8ee762c7e6686d6\/0_232_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=45&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=d4fbba2c6adef475ca39dc940397a40e\" media=\"(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def58012bc56dbc4cac78d8ff8ee762c7e6686d6\/0_232_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=040db160072f8e53971724286727cd2b\" media=\"(min-width: 480px)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def58012bc56dbc4cac78d8ff8ee762c7e6686d6\/0_232_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=817d613d3b75fefb76e0287e54bea83b\" media=\"(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def58012bc56dbc4cac78d8ff8ee762c7e6686d6\/0_232_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=81a7fd24212beeada3e9d93e10c2a001\" media=\"(min-width: 320px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Soldiers seen from above as they walk along a Yangon street during a protest against Myanmar\u2019s military coup\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def58012bc56dbc4cac78d8ff8ee762c7e6686d6\/0_232_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=bba10c636f47134d872220628bde6e33\" height=\"2101\" width=\"3500\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-4zleql\"><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"dcr-w6u133\"><span class=\"dcr-1usbar2\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 13\"><path d=\"M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"dcr-19x4pdv\">Soldiers walk on a street in Yangon during a protest against Myanmar\u2019s military coup in February 2021.<\/span> Photograph: Reuters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cI used to chat with my friends late at night,\u201d says one woman from Yangon. \u201cAs 1am approached every night, that feeling of frustration would start building. It felt like they controlled everything. There\u2019s no freedom.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\"> The nightly shutdowns became \u201ca form of terror\u201d, according to Angus. \u201cIt becomes a psychological rhythm and marker that people have to endure. It sends a signal as well. It says: \u2018We\u2019re still in control.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">The period of nightly outages was followed by a complete nationwide shutdown for 73 days.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"dcr-d66r6p\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"impact-of-shutdowns\">Impact of shutdowns<\/h2>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">Internet shutdowns are not just used by governments facing civil unrest. Every year millions of internet users from Sudan to Syria, Jordan to India also lose internet access during exam season as governments pull the plug in a bid to avoid hi-tech cheating.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">For the past five years, 21-year-old trainee doctor Aya Hich has been forced to sit her medical exams in Algeria without access to the internet. That\u2019s because every year the government severs the internet for five days to ensure that high school students do not cheat on their baccalaureate exams.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cIt is always frustrating year after year that we have to be cut off from the rest of the world,\u201d Hich says. <\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">The economic costs \u2013 and other less obvious impacts \u2013 of shutdowns radiate across industries. Sudanese architect Tagreed Ahdin remembers the difficulties of surviving for a month with no online banking when the new military junta shut down the internet in 2021. \u201cWe raided the kids\u2019 wallets and pooled everything,\u201d she says. But one of the biggest issues was simply staying cool in the 40-degree heat, when the apps selling electricity no longer functioned.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"b80746e4-710d-4aed-9fda-a66b14b5c20a\" data-spacefinder-role=\"richLink\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement\" class=\" dcr-1mfia18\"><gu-island name=\"RichLinkComponent\" deferuntil=\"idle\" props=\"{&quot;richLinkIndex&quot;:28,&quot;element&quot;:{&quot;_type&quot;:&quot;model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/mar\/24\/russia-blocks-google-news-after-it-bans-ads-on-proukraine-invasion-content&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Russia blocks Google News after ad ban on content condoning Ukraine invasion&quot;,&quot;prefix&quot;:&quot;Related: &quot;,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;richLink&quot;,&quot;elementId&quot;:&quot;b80746e4-710d-4aed-9fda-a66b14b5c20a&quot;},&quot;ajaxUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk&quot;,&quot;format&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:2,&quot;theme&quot;:0,&quot;design&quot;:9}}\"><\/gu-island><\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cOur first panic moment came when we realised we couldn\u2019t buy electricity,\u201d she says. \u201cWe were shutting down everything all over the house, while the kids begged for air conditioning. It was so hot.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">India leads total shutdowns globally. In 2021, the world\u2019s largest democracy shut off its internet 106 times \u2013 more than the rest of the world combined. Hardest-hit was the conflict-ridden region of Jammu and Kashmir, which was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/jan\/05\/the-personal-and-economic-cost-of-kashmirs-internet-ban\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">subject to 85 shutdowns<\/a> under the guise of containing separatist violence. The blackouts shut down Zoom classes for students, stopped doctors from communicating with their remote patients and crippled the banking system, causing mortgage holders to default on their loans. Apple crops rotted before they could be sold and businesses were paralysed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"5dff9d47-81a9-4a0a-8d95-59d22629b3fe\" data-spacefinder-role=\"inline\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement\" class=\" dcr-10khgmf\">\n<div class=\"dcr-1b267dg\"><picture class=\"dcr-4zleql\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/7f7ed34c253212a7e38d092d786cf32d0cbf15aa\/0_258_3864_2318\/master\/3864.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=45&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=2159e3d5f12eb0c7120202304860d8c8\" media=\"(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/7f7ed34c253212a7e38d092d786cf32d0cbf15aa\/0_258_3864_2318\/master\/3864.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=2baf90fd0b017a2e5b0c719c796117cf\" media=\"(min-width: 660px)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/7f7ed34c253212a7e38d092d786cf32d0cbf15aa\/0_258_3864_2318\/master\/3864.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=45&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=bc68cb145d7eee1c2ef2ba2c72ace319\" media=\"(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/7f7ed34c253212a7e38d092d786cf32d0cbf15aa\/0_258_3864_2318\/master\/3864.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=ce1d1c45b9431c2589730ed1139b997b\" media=\"(min-width: 480px)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/7f7ed34c253212a7e38d092d786cf32d0cbf15aa\/0_258_3864_2318\/master\/3864.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=2d251d497e1385500a7b00f171bc7a0c\" media=\"(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/7f7ed34c253212a7e38d092d786cf32d0cbf15aa\/0_258_3864_2318\/master\/3864.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=a58c13f508c74e0ed14343fe2a80b418\" media=\"(min-width: 320px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Protesters take part in a demonstration amid teargas smoke fired by Indian security forces in Srinagar in May 2022\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/7f7ed34c253212a7e38d092d786cf32d0cbf15aa\/0_258_3864_2318\/master\/3864.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=85&amp;fit=max&amp;s=2baf90fd0b017a2e5b0c719c796117cf\" height=\"2318\" width=\"3864\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-4zleql\"><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"dcr-w6u133\"><span class=\"dcr-1usbar2\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 13\"><path d=\"M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"dcr-19x4pdv\">Teargas is fired at protesters at a protest in Srinagar, in the Kashmir Valley, in May 2022.<\/span> Photograph: Tauseef Mustafa\/AFP\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cWe didn\u2019t have anything to do. We weren\u2019t even able to watch television,\u201d says Sajid Yusuf Shah, a criminal lawyer turned media entrepreneur. \u201cI was in a depression at that time. We feel helpless, we feel isolated, we feel handicapped.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">India\u2019s high level of shutdowns highlights a concerning trend, says David Kaye, a law professor at the University of California Irvine and a former UN special rapporteur for freedom of expression.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cOne way of thinking about how bad it is [is] to see how it\u2019s spread from places like Tajikistan or Togo or southern Cameroon, where rule of law is already pretty spotty, to a place like India.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\">\u201cIt\u2019s migrated into a toolbox for governments that actually do have the rule of law.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-xry7m2\"><span data-dcr-style=\"bullet\"><\/span> This article was amended on 29 August 2022. Yangon is Myanmar\u2019s most populous city, not its capital.<\/p>\n<p>READ MORE <a href=\"https:\/\/packetstormsecurity.com\/news\/view\/33778\/Governments-Embrace-Internet-Shutdowns-As-A-Form-Of-Control.html\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>READ MORE HERE&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[10181],"class_list":["post-48293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-packet-storm","tag-headlinegovernmentdenial-of-service"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Governments Embrace Internet Shutdowns As A Form Of Control 2026 | ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ThreatsHub 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