{"id":4419,"date":"2018-06-26T15:14:19","date_gmt":"2018-06-26T15:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kasperskycontenthub.com\/threatpost\/?p=133071"},"modified":"2018-06-26T15:14:19","modified_gmt":"2018-06-26T15:14:19","slug":"simple-security-flaws-could-steer-ships-off-course","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/simple-security-flaws-could-steer-ships-off-course\/","title":{"rendered":"Simple Security Flaws Could Steer Ships Off Course"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A proof-of-concept attack could cause ships to dangerously veer off course, and it all stems from simple security issues, including the failure to change default passwords or segment networks.<\/p>\n

Researcher Ken Munro, with Pen Test Partners, on Monday showed how the attack could work and how it\u2019s possible to manipulate a ship\u2019s steering, propulsion, ballast and navigation data. The attack focused\u00a0on targeting the devices that serve as a \u201cbridging point\u201d between the operational technology (OT) and IP networks.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve shown before how it\u2019s relatively straightforward to compromise the business network through the satcom terminal if basic security controls aren\u2019t in place. However, affecting the OT systems requires additional work,\u201d he said in a post<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The weaknesses Munro found stem from several vulnerable IP network devices on ships \u2013 which are used in business systems, crew mail and web browsing. Researchers point out they all exist on the same network behind operational devices.<\/p>\n

There are several of these \u201cbridging points\u201d on ships, said Munro \u2013 including the Electronic Chart Display and Information System\u00a0(ECDIS), Voyage Data Recorder, synthetic radar, and sometimes the Automatic Tracking System (AIS) transponder.<\/p>\n

For the proof of concept, researchers focused on serial-IP converters, including those made by Moxa and Perle Systems, which are used to send serial data over IP\/Ethernet networks\u2019 cabling. Researchers were able to use a hacker box to look at the data running through the serial-to-IP converters.<\/p>\n

These converters have an array of security issues if not updated, he said. The web interface for configuration generally have default credentials \u2013 which ironically are published by the manufacturers on their own websites, the researcher said.<\/p>\n

\u201cOnce you\u2019ve got the password, you can administrate the converter,\u201d wrote Munro. \u201cThat means complete compromise and control of the serial data it is sending to the ships engine, steering gear, ballast pumps or whatever.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even if the passwords have been changed, the converter is still susceptible to attack. Alarmingly, the Moxa converter firmware also contains a known security flaw (CVE-2016-9361<\/a>) that enables hackers to use Metasploit modules (a tool for developing and executing\u00a0exploit\u00a0code against a remote target machine) to recover the administrator password \u2013 even if it has already been changed.<\/p>\n

The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 7.5 and impacts an array of Moxa versions, including several versions of the Nport 5100 firmware and the Nport 5200 series firmware.<\/p>\n

Once a hacker gains the admin credentials, they are able to launch an insidious man-in-the-middle attack \u2013 essentially injecting false GPS data into the various systems on the bridge, said Munro.<\/p>\n

Attackers may be able to route serial traffic through their attack laptop and inject a filter, modifying the GPS location data being fed to the ECDIS.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, if the the Electronic Chart Display and Information System is in \u201cTrack Control\u2019 mode (which is autopilot) then the hacker can fool it and cause the ship to change direction, said Munro.<\/p>\n

Insecure Shipping<\/strong><\/p>\n

Researchers have long warned about the vulnerabilities and security issues afflicting the shipping industry. \u00a0Pen Test Partners earlier this month<\/a> released a number of other PoC attacks demonstrating an array of methods for disrupting the shipboard navigation systems.<\/p>\n

In a similar PoC example, Munro showed how an adversary could access the ship\u2019s IT infrastructure and then fool the ECDIS into thinking that the GPS receiver was in a different location on board \u2013 and the system could then essentially \u201ccorrect\u201d the course, sending the ship in the wrong direction.<\/p>\n

Beyond PoC, hackers seem to have set their eyes on the shipping industry \u2013 Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit in April\u00a0<\/a>identified a hacking group behind several prolific business email compromise attacks gouging the\u00a0maritime shipping industry millions of dollars since last year, dubbed Gold Galleon.<\/p>\n

Attackers were taking advantage of the industry\u2019s lax security and the use of outdated computers, SecureWorks said.<\/p>\n

Mitigations<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mitigations for this type of attack include changing passwords from default, keeping serial device software up to date, and, enable and configure encrypted communications.<\/p>\n

Many newer serial-to-IP converters support SSH or similar traffic encryption, making man-in-the-middle attacks more difficult, said Munro.<\/p>\n

Most importantly, segregating vessel networks is key.\u00a0\u201cThis applies to both the IP and serial networks. Serial networks are often overlooked as there are often different teams responsible for IT and OT networks,\u201d said Munro. \u201cMy experience from utilities suggests that IT and OT network personnel often don\u2019t work together closely, leading to misunderstandings and allowing security holes to creep in.\u201d<\/p>\n

READ MORE HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A PoC shows how ships could be hacked and fooled into changing direction – all due to simple security issues. READ MORE HERE…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4420,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1579,1580,1279,18,746,1581,1582,1583,19],"class_list":["post-4419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-threatpost","tag-admin-credentials","tag-cve-2016-9361","tag-hack","tag-hacks","tag-operational-technology","tag-proof-of-concept","tag-ship-attack","tag-shipping","tag-vulnerabilities"],"yoast_head":"\nSimple Security Flaws Could Steer Ships Off Course 2026 | ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News | ThreatsHub.org | Cloud Security & Cyber Threats Analysis Hub. 100% Free OSINT Threat Intelligent and Cybersecurity News.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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