{"id":33229,"date":"2020-02-06T06:09:06","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T06:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/lcd-pwn-system-how-to-modulate-screen-brightness-to-covertly-transmit-data-from-an-air-gapped-computer-slowly\/"},"modified":"2020-02-06T06:09:06","modified_gmt":"2020-02-06T06:09:06","slug":"lcd-pwn-system-how-to-modulate-screen-brightness-to-covertly-transmit-data-from-an-air-gapped-computer-slowly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/lcd-pwn-system-how-to-modulate-screen-brightness-to-covertly-transmit-data-from-an-air-gapped-computer-slowly\/","title":{"rendered":"LCD pwn System: How to modulate screen brightness to covertly transmit data from an air-gapped computer&#8230; slowly"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Boffins from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Shamoon College of Engineering in Israel have come up with yet another TEMPEST-style attack to exfiltrate data from an air-gapped computer: leaking binary signals invisibly by slightly modulating the light coming off its monitor.<\/p>\n<p>TEMPEST, or Telecommunications Electronics Material Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmission, refers to an NSA <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2001\/01\/10\/nsa_coughs_up_secret_tempest\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">specification<\/a> designed to prevent the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2000\/10\/31\/meet_tempest_it_stops_people\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">capture<\/a> of thermal, acoustic, optical, electronic, or kinetic device emanations that might convey information about a protected system.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers who developed this screen illumination scheme, Mordechai Guri, Dima Bykhovsky, and Yuval Elovici, have done previous side channel transmission work: exploring ultrasonic data leakage (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2018\/03\/12\/turning_speakers_into_covert_listening_devices\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MOSQUITO<\/a>), an escape route for Faraday-caged computers (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1802.02700\">ODINI<\/a>); computer-smartphone data exchange via electrical fields (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1802.02317\">MAGNETO<\/a>); acoustic signaling using fan modulation (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1606.05915\">FANSMITTER<\/a>); and covert signaling via keyboard lights (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1907.05851\">CTRL-ALT-LED<\/a>), among other techniques.<\/p>\n<p>The latest paper from the trio, presented at the 12th CMI Conference on Cybersecurity and Privacy in November and just <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2002.01078\">distributed via ArXiv<\/a>, is called &#8220;BRIGHTNESS: Leaking Sensitive Data from Air-Gapped Workstations via Screen Brightness.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The utility of this technique looks fairly limited. The assumed target is a computer that&#8217;s not connected to a network. And before the BRIGHTNESS attack can take place, this air-gapped device must be infected with malware, to install code for screen modulation. This could be achieved through an <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/theinvisiblethings.blogspot.com\/2009\/10\/evil-maid-goes-after-truecrypt.html\">evil maid attack<\/a>, prior supply chain meddling, or a USB stick drop attack, for example.<\/p>\n<p>It also requires a device capable of picking up the emanations from the infiltrated target machine \u2013 a nearby video camera in this instance. There&#8217;s a further assumption that the object of the attack isn&#8217;t to capture information displayed on screen and that the camera doesn&#8217;t have a direct view of the screen.<\/p>\n<p>Given those circumstances, it&#8217;s possible to modify the screen pixel intensity in a way that transmits data residing on the target machine \u2013 without anyone seeing that this is going on.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This covert channel is invisible and it works even while the user is working on the computer,&#8221; the researchers explain in their paper. &#8220;Malware on a compromised computer can obtain sensitive data (e.g., files, images, encryption keys and passwords), and modulate it within the screen brightness, invisible to users.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"promo_article\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/regmedia.co.uk\/2018\/07\/27\/scream_shutterstock.jpg?x=174&amp;y=115&amp;crop=1\" width=\"174\" height=\"115\" alt=\"scream\"><\/p>\n<h2 title=\"'Screaming Channels', a side-channel baked into off-the-shelf Wi-Fi, Bluetooth silicon\">Boffins: Mixed-signal silicon can SCREAM your secrets to all<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2018\/07\/27\/screaming_channels_attack\/\"><span>READ MORE<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p>These modulations, which involve increasing the brightness of red pixels by 3 per cent to convey a binary &#8216;1&#8217; without any evident change, can nonetheless be reconstructed from video captured by a nearby security camera, smartphone camera, or webcam.<\/p>\n<p>And when we say nearby, we&#8217;re talking about within nine meters if the receiving device is a security camera or webcam and within 1.5 meters if it&#8217;s smartphone.<\/p>\n<p>Even if all these requirements are met, this isn&#8217;t a quick process: Guri, Bykhovsky, and Elovici managed to exfiltrate the bit sequence \u20181010101010101010\u2019 from a 19-inch display at a bitrate of 5 bit\/sec using a camera six meters from the screen.<\/p>\n<p>You can see just how tediously slow this is in a YouTube video showing the attack capturing text of A.A. Milne&#8217;s &#8220;Winnie-the-Pooh&#8221; from the screen flicker coming off a PC in an office adjacent to a video camera.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZrkZUO2g4DE\" data-media=\"x-videoplayer\">Youtube Video<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The boffins in their paper touch on potential countermeasures, like policies that restrict access to sensitive computers and polarized screen filters that hinder optical signaling. Would-be spies meanwhile may wish to revisit XKCD&#8217;s security analysis about <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/xkcd.com\/538\/\">the utility of a $5 wrench<\/a> before embarking on an elaborate penetration exercise. \u00ae<\/p>\n<p class=\"wptl btm\"><span>Sponsored:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/go.theregister.co.uk\/tl\/1889\/-8120\/detecting-cyber-attacks-as-a-small-to-medium-business?td=wptl1889\">Detecting cyber attacks as a small to medium business<\/a><\/p>\n<p>READ MORE <a href=\"https:\/\/go.theregister.co.uk\/feed\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2020\/02\/06\/lcd_pwn_system\/\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To be honest, it was the impracticality and inefficiency that first attracted us to this otherwise cunning exfiltration Boffins from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Shamoon College of Engineering in Israel have come up with yet another TEMPEST-style attack to exfiltrate data from an air-gapped computer: leaking binary signals invisibly by slightly modulating the light coming off its monitor.\u2026 READ MORE HERE&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-register"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>LCD pwn System: How to modulate screen brightness to covertly transmit data from an air-gapped computer... slowly 2026 | ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News | ThreatsHub.org | Cloud Security &amp; Cyber Threats Analysis Hub. 100% Free OSINT Threat Intelligent and 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