{"id":25732,"date":"2019-02-28T21:46:23","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T21:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/packetstormsecurity.com\/news\/view\/29878\/Vulnerability-Exposes-Location-Of-Thousands-Of-Malware-C-C-Servers.html"},"modified":"2019-02-28T21:46:23","modified_gmt":"2019-02-28T21:46:23","slug":"vulnerability-exposes-location-of-thousands-of-malware-cc-servers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/vulnerability-exposes-location-of-thousands-of-malware-cc-servers\/","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerability Exposes Location Of Thousands Of Malware C&amp;C Servers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A vulnerability in a tool used by cyber-criminal gangs is now helping researchers expose the locations of thousands of malware command-and-control (C&amp;C) servers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"relatedContent alignRight\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\"><span class=\"int\">More security news<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p>The vulnerability &#8211;now patched since the start of the year&#8211; affected <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cobaltstrike.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cobalt Strike<\/a>, a legitimate penetration testing tool used by security researchers to emulate cyber-attacks.<\/p>\n<p>Cobalt Strike has been around for more than a decade, but for the past five years, it has slowly been adopted by cyber-criminal groups as well.<\/p>\n<p>Malware gangs and nation-state cyber-espionage groups have used Cobalt Strike because of its simple and very efficient client-server architecture.<\/p>\n<p>Cyber-criminals use Cobalt Strike to host their C&amp;C servers, and then deploy malware on company networks through Cobalt &#8220;beacons&#8221; they plant on infected hosts.<\/p>\n<p>Over the past few years, Cobalt Strike slowly became the go-to toolkit for many threat actors, such as the <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.morphisec.com\/new-global-attack-on-point-of-sale-systems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FIN6<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bleepingcomputer.com\/news\/security\/us-charges-three-members-of-fin7-carbanak-hacker-group\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FIN7<\/a> (Carbanak) cyber-criminal gangs, but also nation-state hackers such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fireeye.com\/blog\/threat-research\/2018\/11\/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">APT29<\/a> (Cozy Bear).<\/p>\n<p>But unbeknownst to all these hacker groups was that Fox-IT researchers discovered a bug in the Cobalt Strike server component. Built on NanoHTTPD, a Java-based web server, crooks didn&#8217;t know that it contained a bug that allowed Fox-IT to track them since 2015.<\/p>\n<section class=\"sharethrough-top\" data-component=\"medusaContentRecommendation\" data-medusa-content-recommendation-options=\"{&quot;promo&quot;:&quot;promo_ZD_recommendation_sharethrough_top_in_article_desktop&quot;,&quot;spot&quot;:&quot;dfp-in-article&quot;}\">\n<\/section>\n<p>According to Fox-IT researchers, the NanoHTTPD server accidentally added <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/NanoHttpd\/nanohttpd-java-1.1\/blob\/nanohttpd-for-java1.1\/NanoHTTPD.java#L778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an additional space<\/a> in the server&#8217;s HTTP responses, like in the image below.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"img aspect-set\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdnet1.cbsistatic.com\/hub\/i\/2019\/02\/28\/8044655a-94a6-4e74-9ec8-eff2cac25d87\/f1afff1fa36d890d43e6ea3f4635b4fd\/cobalt-strike-whitespace.png\" class=\"\" alt=\"The Cobalt Strike extra whitespace\"\/><\/span> <span class=\"credit\">Image: Fox-IT<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This extra whitespace allowed Fox-IT to detect Cobalt Strike communications between beacons and their C&amp;C servers across the years, until January 2, 2019, when Cobalt Strike developers patched the bug and removed the extra space in version 3.13.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In total Fox-IT has observed 7718 unique Cobalt Strike team server or NanoHTTPD hosts between the period of 2015-01 and 2019-02,&#8221; the company said in a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.fox-it.com\/2019\/02\/26\/identifying-cobalt-strike-team-servers-in-the-wild\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blog post<\/a> this week.<\/p>\n<p>Because the issue is now patched, Fox-IT researchers revealed this little trick, along with <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/fox-it\/cobaltstrike-extraneous-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a list<\/a> of historical IP addresses that used to or are still hosting Cobalt Strike C&amp;C servers.<\/p>\n<p>The company hopes that security teams use this list to check their network logs for these IP addresses and identify past or current security breaches.<\/p>\n<p>Some of these IP addresses might belong to legitimate Cobalt Strike instances hosted by security firms for testing purposes, but Fox-IT believes that many of these are also from hacker groups.<\/p>\n<p>They said that a cursory examination of their list of 7,700+ IP addresses revealed malware C&amp;C servers tied to China&#8217;s APT10 government hacking unit, the Bokbot banking trojan, and servers managed by remnants of the Cobalt Group (also known as FIN7 or Carbanak).<\/p>\n<p>KnownSec 404 Team, a Chinese cyber-security company that runs the ZoomEye IoT search engine confirmed Fox-IT&#8217;s discovery by identifying <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zoomeye.org\/searchResult?q=%22HTTP%2F1.1%20404%20Not%20Found%20%20%20Content-Type%3A%20text%2Fplain%20Date%3A%22%20%2B%22Content-Length%3A%200%22%20-Connection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">3,643<\/a> Cobalt Strike NanoHTTPD-based servers that are still operational at this moment &#8211;86 percent of which were also on Fox-IT&#8217;s list, the company <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@80vul\/identifying-cobalt-strike-team-servers-in-the-wild-by-using-zoomeye-debf995b6798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Fox-IT says that current scans for the extra whitespace are turning fewer and fewer results, as servers are getting patched.<\/p>\n<p>However, the company says that most threat actors tend to use pirated, cracked, and unregistered versions of the Cobalt Strike software, and therefore will remain unpatched for a long time to come.<\/p>\n<p>As legitimately-owned servers will receive the Cobalt Strike patch, most of the servers that will come up during scans in the coming future will most likely be part of malware operations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"img aspect-set\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/vulnerability-exposes-location-of-thousands-of-malware-c-c-servers\/\" class=\"lazy\" alt=\"Cobalt Strike servers stats\" data-original=\" https:\/\/zdnet2.cbsistatic.com\/hub\/i\/2019\/02\/28\/d00cd8dc-c356-4081-a5de-424fa5362d1f\/7593ca1c455b17c952422c57c1aa467f\/cobalt-strike-servers-stats.png\"\/><\/span><noscript><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"img aspect-set\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdnet2.cbsistatic.com\/hub\/i\/2019\/02\/28\/d00cd8dc-c356-4081-a5de-424fa5362d1f\/7593ca1c455b17c952422c57c1aa467f\/cobalt-strike-servers-stats.png\" class=\"\" alt=\"Cobalt Strike servers stats\"\/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/noscript> <span class=\"credit\">Image: Fox-IT<\/span> <\/p>\n<h3>Malware and cyber-crime related coverage:<\/h3>\n<p>READ MORE <a href=\"https:\/\/packetstormsecurity.com\/news\/view\/29878\/Vulnerability-Exposes-Location-Of-Thousands-Of-Malware-C-C-Servers.html\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>READ MORE HERE&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25733,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[5982],"class_list":["post-25732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-packet-storm","tag-headlinehackermalwarebotnetflaw"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vulnerability Exposes Location Of Thousands Of Malware C&amp;C Servers 2026 | ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News | ThreatsHub.org | Cloud 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