{"id":12622,"date":"2018-09-13T20:15:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-13T20:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.darkreading.com\/risk\/new-cold-boot-attack-gives-hackers-the-keys-to-pcs-macs\/d\/d-id\/1332814"},"modified":"2018-09-13T20:15:00","modified_gmt":"2018-09-13T20:15:00","slug":"new-cold-boot-attack-gives-hackers-the-keys-to-pcs-macs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.threatshub.org\/blog\/new-cold-boot-attack-gives-hackers-the-keys-to-pcs-macs\/","title":{"rendered":"New Cold Boot Attack Gives Hackers the Keys to PCs, Macs"},"content":{"rendered":"<header>\n<\/header>\n<p><span class=\"strong black\">Researchers bypass a Trusted Computing Group security measure to manipulate the firmware and steal data in memory.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p class=\"\">An updated version of the Cold Boot Attack lets threat actors bypass security mechanisms and access data that remain in memory after a machine shuts down. Modern machines from Apple, Dell, Lenovo, and other major tech firms are affected, researchers report.<\/p>\n<p>The Cold Boot Attack itself is not new. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darkreading.com\/risk\/freezing-the-cold-boot-attack\/d\/d-id\/1129634\" target=\"_blank\">Known since 2008<\/a>, it lets attackers with physical access to a machine steal its encryption keys, which briefly remain in memory after a hard reboot. Most devices now protect against this with a Trusted Computing Group (TCG) mitigation that overwrites data when the machine is rebooted and protects it from third parties.<\/p>\n<p>But Olle Segerdahl, principal security researcher with F-Secure, along with fellow security consultant Pasi Saarinen, found this mechanism can be broken if they manipulate the firmware. The duo found a way to bypass TCG&#8217;s protection and exploit a weakness in the computer&#8217;s firmware to steal encryption keys and other data in a successful cold boot attack.<\/p>\n<p>Several types of data could potentially be at risk, says Segerdahl. &#8220;Our primary target was hard drive encryption keys stored in memory,&#8221; he explains, but attackers could also access passwords, network credentials, and any information on the machine that its user can access.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In one case, we used the machine to connect to corporate networks,&#8221; says Segerdahl. The duo detected VPN credentials that let them connect to internal networks and plant a backdoor. They could extract passwords for wireless networks and data that wasn&#8217;t on the hard drive, but was present in memory when they had the machine; for example, online passwords.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How it Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s how the TCG protection is intended to work: &#8220;Modern machines have a mitigation against the [cold boot] attack, where the firmware of the machine tries to detect if the machine has been properly shut down or not,&#8221; explains Segerdahl. A &#8220;flag&#8221; is set when the operating system boots up, telling firmware to protect data in memory if the device isn&#8217;t properly shut down. If it isn&#8217;t, the OS is supposed to clear that sensitive data.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers broke this mitigation by removing the flag themselves and connecting a small device to the Flash memory chip on the motherboard that stores firmware settings.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We can override the flag by accessing the memory chip directly,&#8221; says Segerdahl. Just as with the original cold boot attack, the actor needs physical access to a machine. They also need a tool to rewrite the non-volatile memory chip containing the firmware settings, disable memory overwriting, and enable booting from external devices. Cold boot attacks can be carried out with a special program on a USB stick, according to the researchers.<\/p>\n<p>This manipulation gives them access to data that briefly remains in memory after a computer is shut off. How brief? It partly depends on temperature: the colder a memory card, the longer the information will last. Segerdahl says they had five- to ten seconds in their experiments.<\/p>\n<p>The amount of time an attacker has to perform the operation depends on the machine they steal, he explains. If a threat actor finds a machine in sleep mode, or doesn&#8217;t have pre-boot authentication, &#8220;then the attacker has unlimited time,&#8221; says Segerdahl. If no password is required to boot the machine, they can try multiple times to gain access.<\/p>\n<p>He and Saarinen advise IT departments to configure machines to either shut down or hibernate \u2013 not enter sleep mode \u2013 and require users to enter a BitLocker PIN when they power up their machines. An attacker can perform a successful cold boot attack, but encryption keys aren&#8217;t stored in RAM when a machine hibernates or shuts down, so there&#8217;s no data to steal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Apple, Microsoft Respond<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>F-Secure alerted Apple, Microsoft, and Intel to their findings. Microsoft published updated <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/security\/information-protection\/bitlocker\/bitlocker-countermeasures\" target=\"_blank\">guidance<\/a> on BitLocker countermeasures and responded to this research with the following:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This technique requires physical access,&#8221; says Jeff Jones, senior director at Microsoft, in a statement to Dark Reading. &#8220;To protect sensitive info, at a minimum, we recommend using a device with a discreet Trusted Platform Module (TPM), disabling sleep\/hibernation and configuring BitLocker with a Personal Identification Number (PIN).&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Apple says Macs\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/HT208862\" target=\"_blank\">equipped<\/a> with an Apple T2 chip come with security measures designed to protect devices from attacks like this one, the researchers report. The company also advises users to set a firmware password to secure Macs without a T2 chip.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Related Content:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.deusm.com\/darkreading\/MarilynCohodas\/BHEURUOPE2018-vplug_Web_Banners_468x60_Sponsor.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Black Hat Europe returns to London Dec 3-6 2018\u00a0 with hands-on technical Trainings, cutting-edge Briefings, Arsenal open-source tool demonstrations, top-tier security solutions and service providers in the Business Hall.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Click for information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blackhat.com\/eu-18\/\" target=\"_blank\">conference<\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"https:\/\/blackhat.tech.ubm.com\/europe\/2018\/?_mc=nlad_x_insecr_le_tsnr_insec_x_x-bht&amp;\" target=\"_blank\">to register.<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"italic\">Kelly Sheridan is the Staff Editor at Dark Reading, where she focuses on cybersecurity news and analysis. She is a business technology journalist who previously reported for InformationWeek, where she covered Microsoft, and Insurance &amp; Technology, where she covered financial &#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darkreading.com\/author-bio.asp?author_id=837\">View Full Bio<\/a><\/span> <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"smaller strong red allcaps\">More Insights<\/span><\/p>\n<p> Read More <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darkreading.com\/risk\/new-cold-boot-attack-gives-hackers-the-keys-to-pcs-macs\/d\/d-id\/1332814?_mc=rss_x_drr_edt_aud_dr_x_x-rss-simple\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers bypass a Trusted Computing Group security measure to manipulate the firmware and steal data in memory. Read More <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darkreading.com\/risk\/new-cold-boot-attack-gives-hackers-the-keys-to-pcs-macs\/d\/d-id\/1332814?_mc=rss_x_drr_edt_aud_dr_x_x-rss-simple\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-darkreading-ti"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New Cold Boot Attack Gives Hackers the Keys to PCs, Macs 2026 | ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ThreatsHub Cybersecurity News | ThreatsHub.org | Cloud Security &amp; Cyber Threats Analysis Hub. 100% Free OSINT Threat Intelligent and Cybersecurity News.\" \/>\n<meta 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